Custers last stand :: essays papers

Custers last standFive springs ago I, with many Sioux Indians, took down and packed up our tipis and go from Cheyenne river to the Rosebud river, where we camped a few days then took down and packed up our lodges and moved to the Little Bighorn river and pitch our lodges with the large camp of Sioux. The Sioux were camped on the Little Bighorn river as follows The lodges of the Uncpapas were pitched highest up the river under a bluff. The Santee lodges were pitched next. The Oglalas lodges were pitched next. The Brule lodges were pitched next. The Minneconjou lodges were pitched next. The Sans Arcs lodges were pitched next. The Blackfeet lodges were pitched next. The Cheyenne lodges were pitched next. A few Arikara Indians were among the Sioux (being without lodges of their own). Two-Kettles, among the other Sioux (without lodges). I was a Sioux chief in the council lodge. My lodge was pitched in the center of the camp. The day of the attack I and quaternion women were a victimiz e distance from the camp digging wild turnips. Suddenly one of the women attracted my attention to a cloud of dust rising a short distance from camp. I soon saw that the soldiers were charging the camp. To the camp I and the women ran. When I arrived a person told me to hurry to the council lodge. The soldiers charged so quickly we could not conference (council). We came out of the council lodge and talked in all directions. The Sioux mount dollars, take guns, and go fight the soldiers. Women and children mount horses and go, meaning to get out of the way. Among the soldiers was an officer who rode a horse with four white feet. This officer was evidently Capt. French, Seventh Cavalry. The Sioux have for a long time fought many brave men of different people, but the Sioux take this officer was the bravest man they had ever fought. I dont know whether this was Gen. Custer or not. Many of the Sioux men that I hear talking tell me it was. I saw this officer in the fight many times, but did not see his body. It has been told me that he was killed by a Santee Indian, who took his horse. This officer wore a large-brimmed hat and a deerskin coat. This officer salve the lives of many soldiers by turning his horse and covering the retreat.

Stone Henge :: European Europe History

Stone HengeMan has always been interested in mystery. Stonehenge is one of the most inscrutable places that man has been interested in. Construction began on Stonehenge at about 2200 B.C. (Abels 9). The origin and uses of Stonehenge are still a great mystery. Stonehenge is a ruin of a rock n roll building. Stonehenge is the oldest pre-historic structure in western Europe. The name Stonehenge is Saxon in origin and means hanging stones. Stonehenge is visible from around one to two miles (Chippindale 12). It has a extra structure and at first glance Stonehenge appears to be a large pile of rocks. But when looked at more rigorously, it is a structure of great mystery. (Abels 5). Stonehenge contains close to one hundred and sixty-five stones. All of the stones are arranged in a plain and simple manner. Stonehenge is not very large. It is only about 30 five paces or eighty feet wide. Stonehenge is three hundred and thirty feet above sea level and is eighty miles west of London. Ston ehenge is located in Wiltshire in sulfur central England. The closest town to Stonehenge is Amesbury. It is in the center of Salisbury Plains (Chippindale 10). The pillars at Stonehenge are extraordinary. All of the stones appear gray in color, but their natural colors vary from mostly orange to brown or depressed. Many lichens grow all over the stones. About one half of the original stone pillars are missing today. All of the joints that join the stone pillars together are dry stone joints. There was no wet sand or clay employ to join the pillars together (Chippindale 12). At Stonehenge there are five different types of stone circles. The five types are outer sarsen circle, outer bluestone circles, inner sarsen trilithons, inner blue horseshoe, and the altar stone. The outer sarsen circle is one hundred feet in diameter. Each stone is about thirteen and a half feet tall and seven feet wide. The stead between each of the stones is approximately four feet apart (Chippindale 12). The outer bluestone circle is close to seventy-five feet in diameter. Most of the stones height are six and a half feet or taller. The stones width are between three and four feet. The stones color is blue. Only six of the original sixty stones still remain standing(a) straight. The others either lean or lie on their side. The inner sarsen trilithons lie just inside of the bluestone circle.

HIPAA Act of 1996 :: Health, Health Information

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996 made it amerciable to gain access to personal medical information for any reasons other than health care delivery, operations, and reimbursements (Shi & Singh, 2008, p. 166). HIPAA legislation mandated strict controls on the transfer of personally recognisable health data between two entities, provisions for disclosure of defend information, and criminal penalties for violation (Clayton 2001). HIPAA also has privacy requirements that govern disclosure of diligent protected health information (PHI) placed in the medical record by physicians, nurses, and other health care providers (Buck, 2011). Always remember conversations about a patients health care or treatment is a violation of HIPAA. All PHI is included in the privacy requirements for example the patients past, familiarise or future physical or mental health or condition the provision of health care to the mortal, or the past, present, or future earni ngs for the provision of health care to the individual, and that identifies the individual or for which there is a reasonable basis to believe it can be used to identify the individual (Buck, 2011). Other identifiable health information would be the patients name, address, birth date and Social Security Number (Keomouangchanh, 2011). (Word count 197)There has been almost ethical issues surrounding the development and use of technology, that would consist of some advancements, such as when in vitro fertilization is applied in medical practice and leads to the occupation of spare embryos, the moral question is what to do with these embryos (Shi & Singh, 2008, p. 182). As for ethical dilemmas that comes into play with gene mapping of humans, genetic cloning, stem cell research, and others areas of growing interest to scientist (Shi & Singh, 2008, p. 182). living support technology raises serious ethical issues, especially in medical decisions regarding continuation or cessation of m echanical support, particularly when a patient exists in a permanent vegetative state (Shi & Singh, 2008, p. 182). Health care budgets are limited throughout this world, making it hard for advancements yet even harder to develop the advancements with restraints. Which brings us back to the social, ethical, and legal constraints, public and private insurers face the problem deciding whether or not to cover novel treatments 188. Similarly what was mentioned before the decisions about in the raw reproductive techniques such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection in vitro fertilization (ICSIIVF), new molecular genetics predictive tests for hereditary breast cancer, and the newer drugs such as sildenafil (Viagra) for sexual dysfunction (Giacomini, 2005).

indo-canadians :: essays research papers

Canada is referred to as a multicultural country because it openly accepts new immigrants from around the world (Gabor, 1994 Nodwell and Guppy, 1992). It has been documented that approximately 11.2% of Canadas total population report themselves as seeable minorities (Varma-Joshi, Baker, and Tanaka, 2004 Fantino and Colak, 2001). Starting a life in a new country not only brings happiness, but also anxiety and a fear of losing ones identity. Often feelings of being an outsider act as a catalyst for crime syndicate related violence and crime, especially in the Indo-Canadian community. However, there is not enough documented evidence explaining why violence is so prominent amongst Indo-Canadian youth. Although there is not enough evidence accumulated by researchers on this topic, based on research that I have gathered about other minorities involved in gang related violence, I give show that there is a tendency for Indo-Canadians to follow the same pattern as other minorities who be come involved in gang activities. The lack of academic research on Indo-Canadian gang violence is significant to the practice of social work because it is the absence of research which makes it difficult for social workers to pinpoint key signs of gang violence and how they maybe related to their clients. As a result of a lack of academic based research on Indo-Canadian gangs, it limits one from finding manageable solutions to deter future incidents of gang violence. Even though gang violence is not a new phenomenon there has been a noticeable lack of Canadian based research done on this topic (Gordon, 2000 Varma-Joshi, Baker, and Tanaka, 2004). Although there is limited knowledge about gang violence, research shows that males are more likely to busy in gang activities (Gordon, 2000 Jemmott, B., Jemmott, S., Hines, and Fong, 2001). There are several factors that contribute to why many youths become involved in gangs. One of the main solid grounds why visible minority youth become submerged in gangs is because they are searching for a sense of identity and belonging (Gordon, 2000 Meloff and Silverman, 1992 Nodwell and Guppy, 1992 Fantino and Colak, 2001). Gordon (2000) finds that, they want to belong to a friendly, supportive group that include their friends or close relatives and this includes a desire to be with individuals from the same cultural and ethnic group gang members felt ethnically marginalized (pg. 51). The reason why minorities are attracted to gangs is because they create a family setting which embraces their differences as opposed to being judged on their differences by mainstream society.

Macbeths Ambition :: essays research papers

Macbeth&8217s AmbitionPolitical dream undermines man&8217s loyalty. In the play, Macbeth decides to kill his king because of his ambition for position. At the beginning of the play, he portrays himself as a noble person. He fights in the battle against Norway and proves his loyalty however, as briefly as the witches prophesize that Macbeth &8220sh any be king hereafter (1.3.53), he is not longer trustworthy. Ambition for power starts creeping into his head. after(prenominal) Macbeth&8217s internal conflict over whether or not to kill Duncan, he decides to do it quickly (1.7.3) in order to hasten the predictions. He decides to kill the king because he wants to extend his power all over the country by becoming the new monarch. He desires to be more wealthy and respected by the nobility as well as by the common people. Becoming king represents the highest rang in the political pyramid. The act of murdering is the only way to puzzle out his dreams come true because Duncan&8217s fair and rich rule over Scotland experience the support of the whole population. As Malcom and Donalbain fly to England, he automatically takes possession of the throne. Macbeth displays political ambition first of all because of his wife. After she reads her husband&8217s letter about his meeting with the witches, she suggests for Macbeth to kill Duncan so she could be queen. At the beginning Macbeth hesitates to talk about such a involvement and even lists the reason not to kill he is his king, his uncle and his guest. Not completely sure about it and victim of his own desires for power he finally accepts skirt Macbeth&8217s plan for murdering the ruler of Scotland. This decision portrays Macbeth&8217s dirty morality and easily manageable personality.Macbeth&8217s character is a clear example of how ambition corrupts man&8217s personality. After a brief period of hesitation, he finally decides to take the infamous way of murder in order to make his political desires come true. His ambition, stronger than the moral and social condemnation of killing, becomes his sole motive. The American philosopher David Young goes further in this analysis and sees in Macbeth how &8220the act of regicide is a dress means of illustrating the genesis of tragic structure in struggles for power (Young 318).

Macbeths Ambition :: essays research papers

Macbeth&8217s AmbitionPolitical ambition undermines man&8217s loyalty. In the play, Macbeth decides to kill his king because of his ambition for position. At the beginning of the play, he portrays himself as a noble person. He fights in the battle against Norway and proves his loyalty however, as soon as the witches prophesize that Macbeth &8220sh tout ensemble be king hereafter (1.3.53), he is not longer trustworthy. Ambition for originator starts creeping into his head. After Macbeth&8217s internal conflict over whether or not to kill Duncan, he decides to do it quickly (1.7.3) in lodge to hasten the predictions. He decides to kill the king because he wants to extend his power all over the country by becoming the new monarch. He desires to be more wealthy and respected by the nobility as nearly as by the common people. Becoming king represents the highest rang in the political pyramid. The act of murdering is the only way to make his dreams come true because Duncan&8217s seem ly and prosperous rule over Scotland experience the support of the whole population. As Malcom and Donalbain fly to England, he automatically takes possession of the throne. Macbeth displays political ambition first of all because of his wife. After she reads her husband&8217s letter about his meeting with the witches, she suggests for Macbeth to kill Duncan so she could be queen. At the beginning Macbeth hesitates to talk about such a thing and even lists the reason not to kill he is his king, his uncle and his guest. Not completely sure about it and victim of his own desires for power he ultimately accepts Lady Macbeth&8217s plan for murdering the ruler of Scotland. This decision portrays Macbeth&8217s dirty morality and easily manageable personality.Macbeth&8217s character is a clear manakin of how ambition corrupts man&8217s personality. After a brief period of hesitation, he finally decides to take the infamous way of murder in order to make his political desires come true. H is ambition, stronger than the moral and social condemnation of killing, becomes his sole motive. The American philosopher David Young goes further in this analysis and sees in Macbeth how &8220the act of regicide is a ready means of illustrating the genesis of tragic structure in struggles for power (Young 318).

Report on Two Software Programs with Business Application

Recommendation Report In this report, you argon loss to find deuce software computer programs with business applications and compare them according to four well-defined criteria. You get out then recommend matchless program over another on the basis of your semblance. Your report will be written to me assume Im your boss, we work together in a small company, and Ive asked you to find the best program for our purposes. The choice of programs is up to you, but you must exact dickens programs that do roughly the same thing. Dont choose a tax program and a spreadsheet, for example.You then need to think of the criteria you are going to use to make the comparison. Your choice of criteria is very(prenominal) important. This forms the basis for your comparison if you dont choose concrete, specific, and relevant criteria that allow you to make a fine comparison of the two programs, your comparison is not going to be informative or meaningful. Also, one of the criteria you choose mu st be the cost of the program. This will, obviously, be a very simple point of comparison. Your recommendation report will have three sections The Introduction will give a short introduction to the two programs youve elect to discuss tell us the name of the software, who manufactures it, etc. You are also going to inform me as to the criteria you choose to use to make the comparison, and why you choose those criteria. The Findings section will compare the two programs according to cost and the three other criteria youve chosen. The format you choose for this section is up to you, but the comparison should be easy to process visually. This will be the longest section of your report. The Recommendation In this section you will describe why one of the programs you have discussed in the Findings section is better than the other one. You need to make clear reference to what youve discovered in the Findings section in order to fully justify your recommendation. unacceptable Needs Work Satisfactory Exemplary Mark Introduction Introduction absent, or one component absent or completely inadequate. Outline of programs also general. Introduction of four criteria lacks specifics, no justification. -Clear and concise outline of two programs-Clear, concise introduction of four criteria. Clear, concise and detailed outline of two programs-Clear, concise and detailed introduction of four criteria. /10 Findings -Many details absent or vague. -Criteria make meaningful comparison impossible. -Document is a mess. -Details are clearly absent or vague. -Criteria are flawed in some way which renders the comparison somewhat ineffective. - organisation detracts from ease of visual processing, parallel form mistakes. Programs compared with a reasonable amount of detail. Criteria relatively well-chosen. Organization does not interfere with visual processing, parallel form used. Programs compared fully according to cost and three other criteria. -Criteria are well-chose n and work to fully exonerate the two programs. -Organization allows for ease of visual processing, parallel form used. /25 Recommenda-tion Reasons not clear or detailed, section too short. Gives general, somewhat vague reasons why one program was chosen and the other was not. Gives clear and detailed reasons why one program was chosen and the other was not. Gives specific, clear and detailed reasons why one program was chosen and the other was not. /10 Grammar and Style Errors, major and minor, pervasive. Subheadings not used. Two or three major errors. More than five minor errors. Subheadings used. -One or two major errors. Three to five minor errors. Subheadings used. No major errors. One or two minor errors. Subheadings used. /15

Character Orientation

Values In order to cook better transformations in life, I believe that change should start from within. I leave exercise good values at all times, strive hard to be a better version of myself, will give my best in school, and I will never stop learning and working towards my goals. The little things we do day-to-day affects our future in big ways so it might as well be good. Its also important that we keep our personal kindred with paragon strong and intact.And let his blessings and miracles work in our lives. There are things we couldnt avoid in our family like quarrels and disagreements. I am raiseing to be more long-suffering and I try not to talk when Im in a bad mood to keep myself from saying cruel things that I dont even mean. Also try to reach out to them after every fight and ignore my pride, and in doing so, I can be at peace with myself too. I admit its not easy to forgive and forget but my love for my family is greater than any of that.And I believe that everyone s hould do the same to maintain a healthy relationship with their implies. Its easier to do great things with my friends in school. Everyday makes a huge difference. Thefts all very nurturing and supportive and they can expect me to do the same too. I will also continue to share my talents and teach them the things know. School activities can be very stressful but this is what makes us responsible, clever, disciplined etc. And some Of the inborn values we need to succeed in life.Im not a very social person and I admit that I don t ordinarily go out. Trying to come up with something that will make differences for our community is challenging. But maybe someday Ill be able to support a cause, present to charities, and use art to inspire and encourage people. For now, I will just prepare myself so that if Ill be given the opportunity to contribute to something that will make great changes for our community, I will surely give it my best.

E.M Forster

E. M Forster Essay I hate the thought of causes, and if I had to choose between betraying my acres and betraying my friend, I hope I should have the guts to betray my country. It appears to me that E. M Forster does make a valuable point in her personal speculation to believe that personal relations are more important than a simple cause or patriotism. In this essay I will give reason to Forsters opinion as well as the other view of things. Without beloved friends, not only would there be no country,but also the world would seem lonely and one would be lost. (Correlative conj. At some unexpected point in all our lives, we must come on to an end, and when we do we want to be able to think, When I must leave this world, Im actually going to be satisfied (complex sentence) Friends engender a certain warmth that your country will never be able to formulate within. A friend should be one in whose understanding and celibacy we can equally confide, and whose opinion we can value at on ce for its justness and its sincerity. (Compound Sentence) This quote is a true definition of a dear friend. The lore between two friends is something that you simply cannot get anywhere else, let alone from your country. A maven rose can be my garden, but a single friend can be my world. Friends are roses. (metaphor) Friends blossom with you, helping you grow as a person, enlightening you, every step you take. Friendship is like a violin the music may stop now and then, but the strings will last forever. (simile) Although this esoteric view may seem like the gear up way into choosing a friend over a country, others may contradict that and think otherwise. One may think that being there for ones country is the absolute least thing you can do to show honor and pride. The love of ones country is a splendid thing. Its true, having pride of what grunge you reside in is great. Some may argue with the thought of standing by their country rather than a friend is a much wiser idea si mply because of how your country will physically never abandon you like some friends might do over time. Patriotism is easy to understand in America it means looking out for yourself by looking out for your country One can create a certain barrier of supposed protection by simply protecting their country in hope of receiving something spiritual in return.Loyalty and pride are two traits everyone should have when speaking of their homeland, how farthest they take it, is entirely their own path and choice to take. Overall, I agree with E. M Forsters main idea in choosing friends over her own country if it would ever result to that. As the year go by our friendship will never die Even when it may not be physically visible friendship will always be there to comfort you with lengthy arms of warmth, encouragement, and companionship, traits that your own shining country will never have.

The Timeout Process

The execution of instrument of the timeout physical processes could well be the most important procedure to be introduced to the operating theatre in recent times. This seemingly small change has had a dramatic impact on patient outcome, stave cohesion and cost reduction in medical institutions. However, there atomic number 18 still issues that argon obstructing the effectiveness of the timeout, namely poor compliance by some police squad peniss who believe that the fast turnover of suits does not rent for the timeout, that they brook never had a problem in the past or that the timeout is questioning their competence.This essay will look at the positive outcome that the timeout process has had in the operating theatre, why it is working and how to ensure that it remains a priority. The writer will also address the problem of poor compliance by some members, why they ar resistant to the timeout process and what can be done to ensure their co-operation thereby creating a posi tive outcome for more(prenominal) patients. In order to place the checklist process in a proper perspective the pursuit historical event is provided In aviation, pilots have been using checklist since 1935.It was formulated by and by the crash of the new Boeing Model 299 on its test flight, which killed two of the five crew members. One of the fatalities was conduct Ployer P. Hill the Air Corps Chief of outflow Testing. The ensuing investigation ruled that the accident was pilot error and not mechanical failure. As the impart of this ruling a group of test pilots took it upon themselves to analyze the reason for the pilot error.They concluded that the new technology had a lot more sequential steps for the pilot to follow than the older aircrafts, which made it easier for Major Ployer P. Hill, a highly experienced pilot, to have missed a crucial step. The solution they formulated to rectify this dilemma was a simple checklist. By following this checklist the Model 299 was flo wn for 1. 8 million miles without an accident. Gawande (2010, p. 32 34). Likewise, the nurse profession has been using checklists in various forms, from the implementation of routine recording of vital signs to medication charts.However, it was merely in 2001 that a critical care specialist, Peter Pranovost, decided to formulate a simple checklist to try and reduce central line infections in the intensive care unit at the John Hopkins Hospital, where he was working at the time. Peter Pranovost and his colleagues monitored the results of their idea for a year. In that time the ten-day line infection rate went from 11 part to zero. They proceeded to test other checklists with equally impressive results. (Gawande 2010, p. 7- 39) Several studies were done on working(a) outcomes that showed that about half of the complications experienced could have been prevented through the use of this checklist. In these studies it was shown that in industrial countries major complications occur in 3% to 16% of inpatient working(a) procedures, and permanent disability or death order are about 0. 4% to 0. 8%. In developing countries, studies suggest death rates of 5% to 10 % during major operations.Mortality from general anaesthesia alone is piece of music to be as high as one in 150 in parts of sub-Saharan Africa. Infections and other postoperative complications are also a serious concern around the world. WHO (2007). In 2007 the World Health Organization (WHO) decided that something mustiness be done to improve the situation A team of experts, led by Dr Atule Gawande, was brought together to find a solution. They formulated the running(a) checklist and challenged the world to use it. The group investigated the impact of the WHO checklist in eight hospitals worldwide, four in high-income settings and four in low and middle-income settings. Data on in-hospital complications occurring within the first 30 days after surgery were collected prospectively from consecutively enrolled adult patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery, 3733 ahead and 3955 after the implementation of the checklist. The overall death rate was reduced from 1. 5% to 0. 8% (P= 0. 003) and in-patient complications from 11. 0% to 7% (P 0. 001). Haynes (2009) What does this surgical checklist entail?As stated by WHO The checklist identifies three phases of an operation, each corresponding to a specific period in the normal flow of work Before the induction of anaesthesia (sign in), before the incision of the skin (time out) and before the patient leaves the operating room (sign out). In each phase, a checklist coordinator must confirm that the surgery team has completed the listed tasks before it proceeds with the operation. Many institutions worldwide have adopted the surgical timeout they have changed a a couple of(prenominal) points of the WHO checklist to better meet their exacts, with impressive results.A study following 8000 surgical procedures, found that the implementatio n of the timeout resulted in a 30% reduction in the rate of surgical complications and deaths (Hayes 2009). Not hardly has patient mortality and expenditure decreased but its application showed an increase in lag cohesion. The surgical checklist has helped to increase communication by ensuring that all members as a team dribble the time to check and discuss potential problems and expected outcomes for the patient.This enhanced interaction betwixt the multidisciplinary team lends itself to the staffs increase awareness of potential problems and adverse conditions, which contributes to improved patient outcomes. Taylor (2010) surveyed operating room staff and found a perceived improvement in communication, teamwork, respect and patient safety related to the use of the timeout. Improved patient outcome following the implementation of the surgical checklist has been clearly demonstrated within Veterans affairs (Neily et al 2010) as well as in the Netherlands (deVries et al 2010) and Iran (Askarian et al 2011).In the Netherlands study by deVries, it was found that most postoperative complications declined and that this decline could be ascribe to improved communication. An inte endureing outcome was that rates of bleeding and anastomotic leaks also declined as well as technical problems which occur primarily at the surgeons hands. The findings of this study suggest that the indirect effects of implementing checklists may be much more important than their specific content. (Birkmeyer 2010) Improved communication ladders to respect for each team member and trust in each other.To maintain a high degree of efficacy all staff members should be provided with continuous education and evaluation of their performance. only members should therefore be informed and have access to the data that shows the benefits of using the surgical checklist. This will prevent the staff from becoming complacent. However, complacency is not the only obstacle preventing the success of the surgical checklist, poor or even non compliance is of greater concern. There are a number of reasons for this. A checklist implies that mistakes can and do happen.In a study which investigated medical professionals attitude to the safety systems 30% of nurses and doctors stated that they did not make errors. (Sexton 2000 p745-9) A great number of medical personnel have this misconception that they do not make mistakes or they feel that admitting to mistakes, no matter how minor, will lead to their colleagues loosing respect for them and some fear being punished as the medical profession as a whole has a low tolerance for errors. These feelings can cause staff members not to report minor incidences unluckily many minor incidences can lead to major problems.The hierarchy system that exists in the theatre environment also leads to poor compliance with regards to the surgical timeout. Although nursing in theory is now deemed to be a profession that works alongside doctors, not for them or subservient to them, in practise this is not ever so the case. When there is resistance from the surgeon or anaesthetist toward the checklist this resistance is expressed verbally in an active ridiculing manner, or non-verbally by just ignoring the process (Valen, Waehle et al 2012, p 4).When this type of attitude is displayed the theatre nurses main objective leads self-preservation and the maintenance of peace, which makes the nurse rush the checklist and omitted points that may cause the surgeon or anaesthetist to become more displeased. If the surgeon and anaesthetist are supportive of the checklist, it is more apparent that it will be done correctly. (Mahajan 2011, p161-8) One often finds that staff feel that doing the surgical checklist will cause delays in patient turnover, they also feel that the current system is working for them and their team so why fix what is not broken.The 2010 report by Patient Safety First showed that while most trusts reported that the ch ecklist led to improved safety and teamwork the most common challenges to its implementation were negative clinician attitudes. (Allard, 2011, p711-17) In the operating theatre setting there are three professions involved, namely, nursing, surgery and anaesthesia and all three are working towards a common result and yet each profession is accustomed to doing this to achieve individual goals.All three are faced with staff shortages, educational duties and economic pressures. (Lingard et al 2006, p 471-83) These pressures lead to the inconsistent use of the checklist. When the checklist process is breaked all staff are meant to stop what they are doing, thereby giving their full attention to the checklist. However, this is not always the case as team members may be reluctant to alter their work routine and feel that what they are doing is more important, or that if people of the team knew what they were doing the checklist would not be necessary. Amalberti et al 2005, p756-64) If the re is no clear decision made as to who is responsible for the completion of the surgical checklist, points may not be communicate or in the rush the checklist may just be ticked so that it is complete when it is audited. Vats et al( 2010, p340) discovered that there was confusion over whos responsibility it was to do the sign-out checks which were frequently missed due to it being at the most time pressured part of the process and also found some checklists to be incomplete, hurried, dismissed or completed without key members participation.As can be seen from the above observations there are a number of factors that lead to poor compliance and this presents a challenge in finding ways to remedy this. It is hard for junior or more timid members of the team to implement the checklist if the more senior or assertive members are not compliant. Paull et al (2009, p 675-78) states that leadership support was deemed the strongest single predictor of successful checklist implementation amo ng sixty four Veterans Health Administration Facilities.When studying the implementation efforts of five hospitals Conley et al (2011, p873 79) found that having the department chiefs as members of the implementation team and actively promoting the checklist was a big factor in its success. The senior staff need to lead by example and should be seen actively supporting and participating in this process, which in turn will ensure compliance by the rest of the staff. A team approach is recommended, with the team being made up of respected members of physicians, anaesthetists and nurses.Having all disciplines represented in these teams is important as they are likely to positively influence their peers. (Reinertsen et al. 2007) This team approach removes the need for a nurse to approach a doctor or anaesthetist, which would prove difficult and they would more inclined to ignore the advice given. To ensure the surgical checklist is adopted completely by the multidisciplinary team, it should be first introduced on a small scale, to one team or theatre.This allows for more comprehensive training in the correct way to complete the surgical checklist (Taylor 2010), Positive feedback will filter from the team doing the checklist to the teams not involved, so when they have to start using the check list they will have a positive attitude towards it. This is when changes should be made to the list which will customize it to the institution. The success of the surgical checklist will filter to the other surgical teams, thereby causing wider acceptance and compliance. Langley 2009) Modifying the original WHO checklist will ensure equal participation from all team members and, therefore, creates a checklist that is inherently team led. A feeling of ownership will be cultivated. The WHO published a comprehensive implementation manual (WHO, 2008) to accompany the penetration of the WHO checklist that encouraged modification to fit with local practice, cautioning against ma king the checklist overly complex. The Multidisciplinary team members need to receive comprehensive training with regards to how the surgical checklist is to be presented to the other staff members.They need to have clear guidelines as to who will take ownership of the checklist, in many cases it is the circulating nurse. The checklist should ideally not be recited from memory it should be read from the list. All activity should stop when the checklist is being presented. To maintain the interest and compliance of all staff, rhythmical feedback should be given, namely real-time feedback. As Ursprung et al (2005) cited in their discussion on improving safety, providing real-time feedback is critical for early detection and remediation of problems that may arise.Data should be collected on a regular basis and be correlated, as to provide solid evidence that will provide proof of the goals the staff have achieved and evidence of what still needs to be addressed. Thereby, maintaining t heir interest in the checklists importance. The surgical checklist when approached in the proper manner is a simple tool that has the potential to improve patient outcomes expediential. Various studies by A. B Haynes (2009), J. Neily (2010), C.Hayes (2009) just to name a few have shown marked improvement with regards to patient complications and mortality rates. To prevent poor compliance by members there are a number of strategies that can be adopted. Senior members should be seen to actively participate in the checklist process so that the rest of the staff will take ownership of their checklists. To assure the success of the checklist, a small team should be formed comprising of respected members of the three disciplines involved, this will allow for peer interaction.Introducing the checklist on a small scale allows for more comprehensive education and positive feedback to the members not involved. The culture in theatre needs to change, the theory that doctors and nurses are bot h professionals in their own rights and neither are boss over the other, needs to be put into practise. The multidisciplinary team in theatre needs to become a team, swallow their individual agendas and make the positive outcome for their patients their priority.The surgical checklist will help, as it creates the opportunity for open communication between the multidisciplinary team, which leads to greater respect and trust between the members. With the ever increasing number of surgeries performed each year, the need for quicker turnover times will become greater, therefore without the surgical checklist, surgical complications and mortality rates will increase. It is the opinion of the writer based on the evidence gathered, that the implementation of a comprehensive surgical checklist, should be mandatory for every medical adeptness in the world.

Explain the Way in Which You Would Establish Ground Rules with Your Learners, and Which Underpin Behaviour and Respect for Others

Having explored the three regularitys of setting groundwork rules during session 2 of PTTLS course, it is evident that for the ground rules to be effective, determining the appropriate mode of ground rules setting is crucial to informing how the learners will be likely to respond to the ground rules and how this will afterwards affect the session or sessions to be delivered. The three methods of setting ground rules offer advantages and disadvantages depending on the context of the lesson and the dynamics of the collection.For example the teacher led act provides the teacher with a clear set of uniformed rules and offers the teacher an opportunity to lot issues which may otherwise fill been overlooked such as the culture environment and health and safety issues. Although rigid in flak, using this method could offer the teacher more control of the group by notion of a hierarchal order within the class. The teacher would take on an authoritarian role with the learner having t o adhere to the rules set.In an ideal situation the teacher would be able to invoke the rules when the group did not behave in a way that was appropriate to outcomes expected by the teacher. Unfortunately this authoritarian approach could as well as result in the learner becoming disengaged and de motivated presenting the threat of the learner becoming disruptive especi eachy as they have not had the opportunity to reason their feelings on how they would like to have their learning environment managed.This presents the teacher with the task of having enforce a set a rules which the disruptive learner has no self-command or commitment to and consequently places the teacher in a difficult position of having to find alternative strategies to enforce boundaries which the individual feels is acceptable. The learner led method offers the students the responsibility to form their own rules and provides a forum for the learners to discuss and share their learning needs with their peers r esulting in the rules being drawn based on the consensus of the group/class.The advantages of this make it easier for the teacher to enforce the rules if learners fall off track by gently revisiting the rules as and when needed without appearing a disciplinarian allowing the teacher to give rise a good relationship with the learners. The learners would have no choice but to adhere to the rules as they would be bound by their own principles. This method does overleap to acknowledge the teachers experience in understanding the dynamics of groups and how the teacher could provide a valuable contribution to ground rules which consider the needs of individual learners.This method may also inhibit the teacher from delivering an effective lesson as consideration may not have been applied as to whether the rules are suitable for the inform environment. For instance taking into account the actual content of the lesson to be delivered and forgetting to include the health and safety of the learners. In establishing an effective set of ground rules for my learners, I would consider a method that offers the teacher the opportunity to create a learning environment that is safe, efficient and stimulating for the learner (Armitage, A, et al, Teaching & Training in built in bed Compulsory Education, OU, 2007).This would be implemented through getting the learners to negotiate their own ground rules with assistance from myself. I would take charge of facilitating the discussion to ensure all learners had an opportunity to contribute, and to ensure the inclusion of crucial rules which allow me to effectively deliver my session were also included. This would also incorporate aspects of health and safety. I would promote and encourage the learner to identify rules that would respect and value their own needs and that of their group allowing the learners to display respect for themselves, one another and the teacher.I anticipate that by adopting this approach this will provide learners with an opportunity to express their own willingness reasons for wanting to learn, resulting in increased levels of motivation and commitment to the sessions. For the learners this method would promote ownership of the rules, as they would have to adhere to their own set of principles as opposed to principles set by me, therefore allowing me the opportunity to better manage any behavioural concerns in the fact that learners steered away from the agreed rules set.

Character Of Davies In Caretaker By Harold Pinter

Davies, an darkened tramp, is the protagonist in The Caretaker. His portrayal, says Ruby Cohen, is a bitter commentary on the homo condition. In their attitudes towards the old musical composition, the human derelict, the two br others present only surfaces contrasts. Mick begins by knocking him down, whereas Aston, instead of allowing him to recrudesce in despair, rescues him, shares his room with him and opens up home to him. Bother the brothers name the old man as caretaker, offer him a kind of scrutiny, which they some(prenominal) subsequently withdraw.Mick turns his back on the old man for failing to fulfil a role to which he never aspired, but Aston rejects him for what he is cantankerous, self-deluded and desperate. Of all Pinters plays, The Caretaker makes the most bitter commentary on the human condition instead of allowing an old man to die beaten in a pub brawl, the System wisest on tantalising him with faint hope, thereby immeasurably increasing his final desperate anguish. There is perhaps a pun contained in the title The Caretaker is twisted into taker on of care, for care is the human destiny. Davies-Aston RelationshipThe Davies-Aston family begins with Aston evidently in command of the situation as both hos and rescuer of the itinerant Davies. His calm, quiet acceptance of the uneasy lymph node bes a natural posture of superiority, and Davies at first accepts it as such. As both guest and rescued, Davies, in contrast to Aston, is noisy, repetitive and insecure. The evident aim of his early initiatives is to locate a potential common ground and probably one that impart be seen his degree of dependency in the kind. Ironically, his insecurity is increased by the very means that he adopts to diminish it.The fact that it is he, and non Aston, who feels compelled to talk undermines his position at the same time that his verbal manoeuvres seek to strengthen it. Davies Sit down Huh I havent had a good sit down. I haven I had a proper sit d own well, I could tell you Aston (placing the chair) Here you are. Davies Ten minutes off for a tea-break in the middle of the night in that government agency and I couldnt find a seal, not one. All them Greeks had it, Poles, Greeks, Blacks, the lot of them, all them aliens had it. And they had me working thereAll them Blacks had it, Blacks, Greeks, Poles, the lot of them, thats what doing me out of a seat, treating me like dirt. When he come at me tonight. I told him. (Pause. ) Aston Take a seat. That Davies should invoke in rapid succession a sense of injury, a major prejudice, and a recalcitrant self-reliance gives us a quick resume of the potential roles he might adopt relative to Aston. That Aston ignores all there providing sympathy for the first, reinforcement for the second, nor astonishment for the third gives us an immediate indication of the likelihood of their success. Incoherent SpeechAstons seeming refusal to encourage any of Daviess tentative roles provides Davies with major problems. In the face of Astons taciturnity he is forced to thresh arourd desperately for some means of altering the situation. It soon becomes apparent that his large supply of words is not matched by a comparable supply of verbal strategies. As the conversation progresses he simply resorts to repeated use of the tactics implicit in his first speech. Appeals to Astons sympathy and to his prejudices recur repeatedly, though Davies is smart enough to defend himself against becoming a victim of the kinds of prejudice to which he feels vulnerable.All them toe-rags, mate, got the manners of pigs, I might have been on the food a few years but you can take it from me Im clean. I keep myself up. Thats why I left my wife. Fortnight after I married her, no, not so much as that, no much than a week. I took the lid off a sauce pan out, you know what was in pan. A pile of her underclothing, unwashed. The pan for vegetables, it was. The vegetable pan. Thats when I left her and I hav ent seen her since. As he finishes speaking he finds himself to face to face with a statue of Buddha standing on the gas mountain range.The mutual incompatibility of the stone face and that of the tramp comments directly on the success of these efforts to manipulate Astons attitudes and concerns. The silent inscrutable Buddha, incongruously perched on the gas stove, is as much beyond Daviess comprehension as the taciturn Aston surrounded by the diverse objects collected in his room. Efforts at Self-Reliance Daviess other category of approaches involves attempts to asseverate a degree of independence from Aston. just his efforts to create an symbol of self-reliance are even less successful than his previous moves and not entirely harmonious with them.His appeals for sympathy for his age and health mingle uneasily with assertions that he intends revenge for his misuse at the cafe Ill get him. One night Ill get him. When I find myself around that direction. The strength of this co mmitment is litely undermined by Daviess vague reference to when it will occur and by his admission that this would not be his uncreated originator for going there. In suffer of these repeated failures, Daviess stock of variations on his manoeuvres is not yet exhausted. Indeed he has yet to play his trump card.Unsuccessful as the heroic survivor of the cafe incident, unsung as the virtuous rejecter of an unhygienic wife, and un-sympathised with as a downtrodden, exploited old man, he invokes a new image of one on the verge of self-sufficiency and success. The tack is circuitous, involving shoes, the weather, a false name, and papers that will prove everything. But, in essence, the theme is that of a journey to Sidcup which will solve all problems and structure his life anew. Once the journey is made all difficies will disappear, and Davies will once more be a man to be reckoned with. Davies If only I could get down to SidcupIve been waiting for the weather to break. Hes got my p apers, this man I left them with, its got it all down there. I could prove everything. Aston How longs he had them? Davies What? Aston How longs he had them? Davies Oh, must be it was in the war must be about near on fifteen years ago. But this manoeuvre, too, is thwarted by Astons reactions to it. Clearly, Davies does not match his emphasis on the importance of the journey with a similar commitment to getting there. The time lag he admits to makes nonsense of the cherish he places on the journey, as Astons puzzlement is evident.Once again the haphazard dialogue is matched revealingly with an item of junk that is eminently visible but obliquely connected to its surroundings. Abuses Astons munificence and Generosity At this point, Astons contribution to the conversation seems rather unfriendly, to say the least. Whatever Davies does to try to improve the connection between himself and Aston is neutralised by his inability to elicit from Aston the responses he needs. To Davies it se ems that Astons posture of quiet superiority is a consistent strategic imperviousness to his needs and wiles.But Astons behaviour seems peculiarly inconsistent. His apparent unconcern for Daviess psychological needs is sharp contrasted with an evident concern for his physical needs. Astons initial generosity toward Davies in the cafe is extended by offers of cigarettes, shoes and money, and by a willingness to go and retrieve Daviess prop for him. This inconsistency, this apparent lack of connection between two aspects of Astons behaviour, is another manifestation of juxtaposed but unclearly linked data in the play.But its effect on the relationship is by no means unclear this inconsistency disorients Davies and maintains his subservience as effectively as Micks later inconsistent conversation. As this incision progresses, however, it gradually becomes apparent that Astons efforts (unlike Micks) are not deliberately aimed at this goal. Indeed, it is very difficult at this point to perceive a deliberate aim in any of Astons behavior. It does seem clear, however, that he does not share Daviess urgent need for a verbally explicit rapport. The problem the audience has in understanding Aston is obviously shared by Davies.Sensing the failure of his efforts to impose on Aston any of the relationship roles he has in mind, Davies eventually switches to trying to draw out of Aston information that might guide him to more successful manoeuvres. Feeding him topics dealing with The Room and its contents, Davies once more finds himself making little headway Davies You got any more rooms then, have you? Aston Where? Davies I mean, on the landing here up the landing there Aston Theyre out of commission. Davies Get away. Aston They need a lot of doing to. (Slight Pause. ) Davies What about downstairs?Aston Thats closed up. Needs visual perception to The floors (Pause. ) Astons Reticence Astons unwillingness to discuss any of these more neutral topics suggests that his reluc tance to converse with Davies is motivated by something more than mere resistance to Daviess wiles the reluctance seems to lapse from a general antipathy toward any kind of conversation. But, paradoxically, he is not entirely unwilling to talk. While evasive about the house and his legal relationship to it, he does venture the information that he might build a shed in the back garden.This willingness to talk is further indicated by a choppy longer statement on the drinking of Guinnessa topic that he discusses with a seriousness that does little to calm the puzzled, uneasy Davies. I went into the pub the other day. Ordered a Guinness. They gave it to me in a buddy-buddy mug. I sat down but I couldnt drink it. I cant drink Guinness from a thick mug. I only like it out of a thin glass. I had a few sips but I couldnt finish it. This relates to nothing previously discussed, and any(prenominal) significance it has for Aston is not shared by Davies, who resorts to a quick change of subj ect.The short speech is undoubtedly odd, but the kind of oddity it represents provides the first clear indication of the basic difficulty confronting the pair. If Davies fails to respond to or follow up on this topic because he is unable to locate its significance, perhaps this is also the reason for Astons similar reactions to Daviess conversation topics. The speech itself, while specifying nothing precisely undermines Daviess operating assumption that Astons taciturnity is simply a manifestation of superiority and disinterest.Such an assumption has already been brought into question by Astons non-verbal generosity to Davies, and this speech suggests that Aston, in spite of his general silence, also has a need to talk. The section ends with Aston, as he has done extensively during this opening scene, devoting his attention to a faulty plug on an old electric toaster. His persistent concern for this faulty connection characterises the activity of the opening section potential links between the characters remain uncertain because the means of establishing appropriate connections has gone awry.Davies I used to know a bootmaker in Action. He was a good mate to me. (Pause) You know what that bastard monk said to me? (Pause) How many more Blacks you got around here then? Plays One Brother Against the other That is when Davies turns to Mick, who plays a cat-and-mouse game with him. Davies tries to play one brother against the other in order to keep a roof over his head. He has been out on the road most of his life and he would like to cling to the crumbs he is offered. But his efforts are futile.Mick calls him a fibber who stinks the place out and Aston, in spite of all his earlier generosity, turns his back upon him. Daviess final image that we have, despite his desperate, pitiable condition is that of an old tramp who is ungrateful, self-deluded and cantankerous as he finally pleads with Aston But lost look listen listen here I mean. what am I going to do? What shall I do? Where am I going to go? Listen If I got down If I was to get my papers would you would you let would you if I got down got my.

Leading Change Custom Research by Essay Writers

As the modern care world becomes more complex, so too do the things that are required for organizations to emerge as workable competitors in the challenging international environment of the 21st century. In his book leaders diversity, John P. Kotter discusses the needs of 21st century organizations at duration through the course of his discussion, Kotter makes several assertions that correspond directly to certain areas of reading. In this paper, two of these areas leave behind be further discussed.The Impact of Kotters Book on Educational AdministrationGenerally stated, from Kotters point of view, the organizations and organizational leaders that will be most successful in the 21st century will be those that embrace learning as a lifelong pursuit (Kotter, 1996), which of course should lead to better leadership, decision making and hence stronger organizations.With this premise in mind, the impact of Kotters theories on educational administration becomes much clearer administra tors in the modern educational system must not make the mistake of see education as something that the individual pursues in their earlier years as a means of starting a career, but must view education as a holistic process that is the common denominator in the life of an individual, even after starting on a career path to mounting skills, become more proficient in present job responsibilities, and perhaps to be promoted to higher positions where they can have more of a positive organizational impact.The demand that will exist for lifelong learning will mould the role of educational administrators into a sort of career coach or big mentor, whereby they will be consulting the long-term learner on the best educational path to take moreover, based upon the demands for certain curricula, the administrator will undoubtedly be involved in the creation and implementation of rude(a) courses to meet growing demand.How Kotters Work Could Shape the Knowledge of EducatorsAs a consequence of the directive change of educational administrators, Kotters work could also shape the knowledge of educators in several significant ways. Kotter, in Leading Change, puts forth the school of thought that without learning, no major positive change can take place in an organization, and with this end in mind, the members of a given organization need to be encouraged to learn how to continue learning and learn how to lead (Kotter, 1996).Therefore, just as the administrator will play a mentoring role in this new learning process, the educators themselves will become the main drivers of these new learning strategies, in pursuit of the end result. Educators will also need to renew a freight to lifelong learning, as they return to the classroom as students in order to learn the kinds of material that they in turn will be required to ascertain to the lifelong learner.In addition, their educational approach to the student will surely change extensively due to the fact that they will be d irecting lessons toward a much different demographic than usual, with different goals and ways of retaining material that is given to them. Lastly, the educators will need to keep in mind that the adult learner whitethorn be resistant to the educational process, at least initially.SummaryJohn P. Kotter poses a challenge to leaders, organization members, and the educational community in Leading Change. This challenge comes in the form of a call to action that, if followed, will undoubtedly advance the modern organization and change the face of business for generations to come. With business and education working in tandem, a new revolution is on the horizon that will provide, along with challenges, endless opportunity and promise.References(Kotter, 1996) (Kotter John P 1996 Leading Change)Kotter, John P. (1996). Leading Change. Boston Harvard Business School Press.

Family and Old Woman

Once upon measure in iodin sm all village, lived an superannuated farmer with 3 paroles. The first maven was strong, and the second one was fast, and the third one was clever. They were always arguing about who is the best male child and never encourage each different. One twenty-four hour period the farmer became softheaded so they called a doctor. Father and reestablish Father hi my trasher. How are you? remedy Hi my friend, I am fine. I digestnt seen you long time. How are you my sick(p) friend? Father how do know that Im sick? Doctor Im a doctor, why would you call me thus? Father Im non sick still I just necessitate to show my discussions that they must stay together and help each other.Please tell them that Im sick and I need medicine so they must go to witches upland together to consider that medicine. Doctor So you just pretend that you are sick, I get dressedt uniform to lie but since you are my gray-haired friend I will do it for you. I hope you r sons will understand that they must help each other. Doctor really wants to help his friend so he goes to talk with farmers sons Doctor and the three sons Doctor Hi, lucky that I met all of you here, your father is sick and he needs the medicine. adroit son where is that medicine? Doctor its far away in the witches highlands. disruptive son how far is that place? Strong son how hard is the way? Doctor The way is rattling long and difficult so you must go together as soon as possible. I will look after him while you will have a journey so dont worry and allow for Fight for who is going to get the medicine Strong son Im stronger the both of you and better then you I will go get the medicine alone(predicate) I dont need your help. Fast son Im fastest one, I will go and parry faster than you and we dont have enough time. Clever son let him go he is really stupid, Im sure that he will comeback without the medicine.So after long discussing and fighting, they decided that the stron g son will go first to this journey to invite the medicine. On the way he met an old charwoman that looks very strange. Strong son _old woman negotiation Strong son I look for a way to a witchs highland do you know how digest I go there? erstwhile(a) woman why you want to go there, it is very far and dangerous place, no one come back from there. Strong son my father is sick and I need a medicine that rear end be finding except there. Old woman if you want to go there I will show you the way but you have something to do for me. Strong son what should I do?Old woman there is a tree that is 10 meters high. From here till the tree is more than 10 days way, but you have to go there less than 2 hours. He couldnt do this so he had to issuance home without any medicine. Three sons Clever son and fast son Laughing to strong comrade. Clever son I knew that you will comeback without the medicine. Fast son now its my turn to go to get the medicine. After that the fast son went to find t he medicine . He also met the same old woman on his way. Fast son and old woman Fast son hey, grandma do you know how can I get to the witches highland?Old woman Im not your grandma and why do you want to go there? Fast son I want to get a medicine for my sick father. Old woman Before you come here mortal came asking for the same place, and if you want to go there you have to answer my question first then I will show you the way. How many hairs on your head? He try to count a long time but he cant answer to her question, he also couldnt net the river, so he a returned to home without the medicine. Clever son Laughs on his fast brother when he came back without the medicine.Clever son I will get the medicine that the both off you couldnt get. Then the last boy went to find the medicine. He met the same old women again. Clever son old woman Clever son hi I came here to find a medicine for my sick father before I come here both of my brothers came looking for it and they couldnt get it. Old woman Yes, I met them before you, but I will you want to go there and find the medicine you must do something to for me. Clever son what should I do for you? Old woman secret code special only I want you to pass the river and get for me that laptop computer there.Because I want to curb my face book I didnt check it for a long time. He couldnt do it too, so he returned home. When he come back to home doctor call them and ask what happened. Doctor You see you dont listen to me and didnt go together, you just waste all of your time to argue who is better and still havent got the medicine that your father needs. Tell me why you all return without it? Clever son I met the strange old woman and she told me to pass the river but I couldnt because its it was hard, so I come back Strong son I can pass the river but she told me to go somewhere very fast.Fast son I can go anywhere very fast but she asked me a difficult question that I couldnt answer. Clever son I can answer to any question. Doctor So you must go together and do all her tasks . Who is better is not important you must help your sick father. Help each other and get the medicine Ill be waiting for you Finally they went together to find the medicine. They met the old woman again. 3 Sons_ old woman _dialog Old woman why you come to me again when you cant do everything that I want? Clever son now, we are together so we can do everything that you want.Strong son just say anything that you want we will do it. Fast son what is the question? Where is the river? How we can arrive to tree? Old woman at fist you have to answer me, how many hairs on my head? Clever son as much as users of facebook. Old woman You must pass that big river and bring me the laptop from other side also you should bring me an apple from the big tree. Acting. Fast son run and bring the apple, strong son bring the laptop. The strong and fast sons bring the laptop and an apple to old woman and she gives them a medicine.They took the medicine from old woman and return to home. Doctor and 3 sons scene Doctor I am glad that you come back, finally you understand that you must help each other and stick together. Dont worry your father is not sick, you are all together now as he hopes, so go tell him about your adventure and leave him. Help him and each other and everything will be alright. Three sons never argue or fight again with each other, they do everything together and they live happily with their father. The end

Face the Music

commove Sharing By Ehtisham Malik The company Napster made headlines in the medication file sharing revolution by letting people share medicine for free. ) Napster and other services like it soon attracted the attention of the get down companies. Lawsuits were filed to stop illegal unison file sharing, and Napster was forced to stop. After these lawsuits, the Apple iPod unison player changed the charge people listened to music. The iPod player was runty and portable. It allowed people to carry their music with them wherever they went. Apple then introduced ITunes on the Internet.Their reasoning was that many people who were downloading music illegally would be willing to turn over a small fee to get the music legally. Apple saw people were interested, and was the first to market a youthful music player and a legal music download service. About 70 percent of music downloaders use ITunes. Competitors have been slow to catch up, but there are new sites popping up everyday. Com panies such as Wal-Mart, Musicmatch, Real Networks Rhapsody, and BuyMusic all have music-sharing Web sites. Napster reemerged as a pay-for-music site. This well-known music site hopes that their brand name will lead to instant market sales and success.If you download music from the Internet, make sure to use a legal download site, such as those from the companies above. Always keep up simulateright guidelines to make sure that you are downloading music properly. Copyright Guidelines cigarette you legally download music for free? Yes, but only you can play or burn the music to a CD. Can you legally download music and then sell it? No, because you are unauthorized to distribute that music. Can you copy a store-bought CD from a friend? No, due to the copyright on the CD, you need to pay for it to burn a copy, or else you are stealing. All products names are trademarks of their respective companies.

Age of Chaucer

Romaunt of the Rose Its a lengthy allegorical verse form scripted in syllabic couplets and establish upon Le Romaunt de la Rose of Guillaume de Lorris and Jean de Meung. According to critics, not the entire poesy, but the first part of it may be written by Chaucer. In this envisage metrical composition the narrator enters the Garden of Mirth, where he sees various allegorized figures and falls in love with a rosebud. protrude A and B describe the instructions of the god of love to the wishful thinker. Part C is a member and satirizes the hypocrisy of religion, woman and the social order. (French Group)The Book of the Duchesse Its probably Chaucers earliest metrical composition and is written in 1369. Its a woolgather poem in thirteen hundred thirty quaternary lines in octosyllabic couplets. It is believed to be an allegorical lament on the death of Blanche of Lancaster, the first wife of arse of Gaunt, who died in 1369. (French Group) The poet falls incognizant while rea ding the novel of Ceix and Alcy iodin and in his dream he follows a hunting party. He meets a shadow in Black He meets a night in Black who played a game of chess with Fortuna and lost his queen. In answer of the dreamers question the knight declargons that his beloved is dead now.The hunting party reappears and a bell strikes twelve. The poet awakes and decides that the dream was so wonderful that it should be set into poesy. In the French group there atomic number 18 alike three poems The Compleynt unto Pite, An A. B. C. and The Compleynt of Mars. Anelida and Arcite An incomplete poem by Chaucer. The poem consecrates the story of faithless Arcite to Queen Anelida. The first 270 lines be written in rhyme royal and 140 lines in varying metrical patterns. (Italian Group) The Parlement of Fouls Its a dream poem by Chaucer in 699 lines of rhyme royal.It has been thought to be a poem in celebration of a conglutination, perhaps the marriage of the young Richard II and Anne of Bo hemia in 1382. The poem is the first fiber to the idea that St. Valentines Day was a special day for the lovers. The poet falls asleep after a prologue in which he makes the Boethian lament that he has not what he wants and he has what he does not want. He then has a vision of a garden in which three eagles pay attention to a beautiful formel (female). Then there follows a long dispute active love and courtship.The dispute centers on the opposition between the courtly love approach of the noble eagles and pragmatism of the duck. The debate is unresolved and the birds retain to assemble a year later to decide. (Italian Group) Troilus and Criseyde Chaucers longest complete poem in 8239 lines of rhyme royal, probably written in the second half of 1380s. Chaucer takes his story from Boccaccios Il Filostrato. In the story Troilus falls in love with Criseyde, a widow whose father Calchas leaves Troy and joins the Greeks. The first three playscripts tell us how Troilus with the help of Pandarus, Criseydes uncle, finally charms her.In the fourth book, she has to go to the Greek camp because of the governmental reason and she promises to come back at the tenth day but she does not. Troilus writes to her but gets only equivocal answers. Finally at his battle with Diamede he finds in Diamedes hand a brooch which he had given to her. Ultimately he dies at the hand of Ac hillockes. (Italian Group) The House of Fame An unfinished by Chaucer in 2158 lines of octosyllabic couplets. After the prologue on dreams and an invocation on god of Sleep in Book I the poet dreams of the synagogue of Venus where on the walls he reads the depicted story of Dido and Aeneas.He then comes out and sees a grand eagle shining in the sky. It is from the same family of Dantes eagle in the ninth book of Purgatorio. In Book II, the bird seizes him and carries him to the House of Fame and tells him during the journey that in the House of Fame he will learn about love affairs and hypocrisies of man. In Book III he watches in House of Fame the candidates approach the weed for fame, some being granted and separates rejected. The poem owes much to Dantes Divine Comedy. Dantes poem is alike a dream poem and divided into three books.And Dante in Divine Comedy is guided by Virgil. (Italian Group) The Legend of a Good Woman It is possibly the first significant work in side to use the iambic pentameter or decasyllabic couplets which he later used throughout the Canterbury Tales. The poet falls asleep and sees in his dream that Cupid appears before him followed by twenty lady martyrs for love. Cupid accuses him for writing only about faithless female characters like Criseyde and as a penance instructs him to write about faithful women, beginning with Cleopatra. and in the poem Chaucer only finished eight stories and the ninth is left unfinished. Some of the good characters are Cleopatra, Dido, Thisbe, Medea and Lucrece. (Italian Group) Canterbury Tales (English Group) The L ak of Stedfastnesse (English Group) Compleynte of Chaucer to his Empty Purse (English Group) * There are two prose tales in Canterbury Tales Tale of Melibeus and The Persons Tale. William Langland The mint of William Concerning Piers the Plowman An allegorical narrative poem written in unrhymed al lighten uperative verse, divided into sections called passus (Latin for step).The poem concerns the narrators intense quest for true Christian life, from the spot of true Christian life, from the perspective of mediaeval Catholicism. The quest includes a series of dream visions and an examination into the three allegorical characters Dowel (Do-Well), Dobet (Do-Better) and Dobest (Do-Best). A man named Will falls asleep and has a vision of a tower upon a hill and a fortress in a deep valley. Between these symbols of heaven and hell is a region full of folk, representing the world of mankind. In the early part of the poem Piers, the humble plowman, appears and offers himself as the narrat ors guide to truth.The latter part of the poem is concerned with the narrators quest for the Dowel, Dobet and Dobest. This poem appears in m any(prenominal) manuscripts in three forms A, B, C text. The A text is 2500 lines long, the B is more than 7200 lines and C is based upon B and 7300 lines long. The latest theory is that A text is written by Langland B and C are composed by some poorer poets. bottom Gower Speculam Meditantis Its his first poem, written in French and for a long time was lost, being discovered in 1895. The poem is about 3200 lines of octosyllabic in twelve lines stanzas, concerned about a fallen man, his virtues and vices.Vox Clamantis The meaning of Vox Clamantis is The Voice of One hollo Out. It is a Latin poetry in 10265 lines of elegiac couplets that recounts the events and tragedy of the 1381 Peasants Rising. The poem takes aim at the corruption of the society and laments the rise of the evil. Gower takes completely aristocratic side in this poem and thin ks the peasants claim as invalid and their actions are anti-Christ. Confessio Amantis It is over 33. 000 lines long and containing 141 stories in octosyllabic couplets. According to the prologue it was composed at the request of Richard II.The epilogue dedicates the work to Richard II and to Chaucer. None of the tales are original. The germ he relies most is on Ovid whose Metamorphoses was ever a popular source of example. Others include Bible and other classical and mediaeval writers. The framework of the poem is the confession of a lover. The confessor helps to examine the lovers conscience and tells him the stories of behaviour and fortune in love, organised under the heading of seven deadly sins. There are eight books one for the each of the sins and one (Book VII) which gives an encyclopedic account of philosophy and morals. John BarbourBruce Barbour is the first Scots poet to catch readers attention. His great work is Bruce (1375), a lengthy poem of twenty books. The book is really a history of Scotlands struggle for freedom from the year 1286 till the death of Bruce. The telephone exchange incident of the book is battle of Bannockburn. Sir John Mandeville Travels It is originally written in French. In English it has a preface in which it is stated that the author was Sir John Mandeville, a knight, crossed the sea in 1322 and travelled in many strange regions. Much of the personal narrative is invention. Nowadays the very existence of Sir John is denied.The real author of this book is said to be Jehan de Bourgogne. John Wycliffe * Many Latin books in pay of his revolutionary opinions. * Tracts and pamphlets in English * An English translation of the Bible. Wycliffe was a teacher in the Oxford University. He attacked the pontiff and bishops, pointing at them their fine palaces, their likings for ceremony and the extent of their power. He said Christs life and prophesy were more important than the Church itself. True Christianity was a gathering of believers who had no need of bishops, abbots, priors or any of the popes officials.Then this brave man attacked other Catholic beliefs, particularly the one which says the saccharide and the wine served at Mass changes into the body and blood of Christ. The Church had taught this belief for centuries and refusal to accept it was called a heresy. Wycliffe spread out his subject matter by writing some of his book in English, the common mens language, quite of Latin, the language of the Church. His followers were called Lollards, because of the low and quite way they said their prayers. Some of the Lollards went into the countryside to preach Wycliffes message to the common people.Wycliffe told others to translate the Bible into English. Many people became Lollards, and therefore heretics. The punishment for heresy became death. Under a new law, heretics could be taken to a public place for burning. There they were tied to a point and given an opportunity to declare their belief to be false. If they refused to do this, a fire stick was lit around them and they burned. Still the Lollards increased in numbers and joined the other discontented people in the countryside. Sir Thomas Malory Morte dArthur It was originally written in eight books.William Caxton published it in twenty one books in 1485. It is a compilation of all the Arthurian legends the birth of Arthur, the twelve large battles fought by him against the Angles and Saxons, his marriage with Guinevere, his court Camelot and his Round table meeting with his knights, the adventures of Gawain, Gaheris, Tristram and Sir Launcelot (most well-known knight), Story of Sir Galahad (son of Launcelot and purest of all the knights) who led a count for a cup called Holy Grail, and the adulterous relationship between Launcelot and Guinevere.

Kelly Miller

Kelly milling machine was Johns Hopkins Universitysfirst black scholar. Kelly miller was born July 18, 1863 in Winnsboro, South Carolina and died December 29, 1939. Kelly Miller was the sixth of ten children born to Kelly Miller, a free Negro who served in the Confederate Army during the Civil War, and Elizabeth Miller, a slave. Miller received his early education in wholeness of the local primary schools established during Reconstruction and was recomm winduped to an institute by a missionary who recognized Millers mathematical abilities.Miller attended the Fairfield Institute in Winnsboro, South Carolina from 1878 to 1880. Awarded a scholarship to Howard University, he completed the Preparatory Departments three-year curriculum in Latin, Greek, and math in two years, then attended the College Department at Howard from 1882 to 1886. Kelly Miller was a force in the intellectual life of black America for close to half a century. Miller was a mathematician, a sociologist, an essa yist, and a recentspaper columnist.Born in South Carolina in 1863, he worked his way finished Howard University, then did postgraduate work at Johns Hopkins, the first black ever admitted to that university. Appointed professor of mathematics at Howard in 1890, Miller introduced sociology into the curriculum in 1895, serving as professor of sociology from 1895 to 1934. As dean of the College of Arts and Sciences, he modernized the classical curriculum, strengthening the natural and social sciences. Miller was a rich writer whose articles appeared in the major newspapers and magazines of the day.In the 1920s and 1930s, his weekly column appeared in more than 100 newspapers. On African-American education policy, Miller aligned himself with neither the radicals Du Bois and the Niagara Movement or the conservatives the followers of Booker T. Washington. Miller sought a middle way, a comprehensive education system that would provide for symmetrical organic evolution of African-Am erican citizens by offering both vocational and intellectual instruction. Equally active outside the university, he wrote an influential column circulated in more than one hundred newspapers across the country, assisted W.E. B. Du Bois as an editor in chief of the Crisis magazine, and authored several important pamphlets, including The Disgrace of Democracy An Open Letter to President Woodrow Wilson , and a series of essays, many of which were compiled and published as books. The best of these include From Servitude to Service , Race Adjustment , Out of the House of shackles , and The Everlasting Stain . During the period from 1882 to 1886, while Miller attended the College Department at Howard University, he in addition worked as a clerk for the U. S. Pension Office for two years.Kelly Miller was appointed to the position in the Pension Office after taking the civil service examination a test cocksure by the Civil Service Act passed during the administration of President Grove r Cleveland. Millers greatest influence while at Howard University where his professors of Latin (James Monroe Gregory) and History (President William Weston Patton, who also taught philosophy and conducted weekly vesper services required of all students). He received a Bachelor of Science from Howard University in 1886, a Master of Arts in 1901 and a law degree in 1903.Miller continued to work at the Pension Office after start in 1886. Miller studied mathematics at The Johns Hopkins University from 1886 to 1887 under the direction of Captain Edgar Frisby, an English mathematician at the U. S. Naval Observatory. Frisby was also the assistant of the person who recommended Miller for graduate study, Simon Newcomb, a famous astronomer in charge o the the U. S. Naval Observatory and a Professor of Mathematics at The Johns Hopkins University. At the end of 1887, Miller asked Newcombe to recommend Millers admission to The Johns Hopkins University to University President Daniel Coit Gilma n.As Miller was to be the first African American student admitted to the university, the recommendation was decided by the Board of Trustees, who decided to admit Miller based on the university founders know Quaker beliefs. From 1887 to 1889 Miller performed postgraduate work in Mathematics, Physics, and Astronomy. When an increase in tuition prevented Miller from go on his post-graduate studies Kelly Miller taught at the M Street High School in Washington, D. C. , whose principal was Francis L. Cardozo.He was appointed as Professor of Mathematics at Howard University in 1890. During his service there, he introduced sociology in the curriculum and gave a new dimension to the classical curriculum during his tenure as a dean of the College of Arts and Sciences. His articles and essays were published in various magazines, newspapers and included in various famous books. He endorsed the concept of a symmetrical ontogeny through education, which offered both vocational and intellectual instruction. He retired as Howard University Administrator in 1935.

Obama’s Foreign Policy on China

chairperson Barack Obama and his presidentships outside policy toward china can be summed up in adept word conciliatory. Conciliatory is non in the regulate of any weakness or appeasement, scarcely rather the realization that in the 21st century internationalistic market, china is a main player on the world stage. Obamas foreign policies argon a departure from the previous administration. George Bushs unilateral foreign policies were deemed domineering, even belligerent.From an international standpoint, Anti-American sentiments were at an any-time high during Iraqi War driven years. In America, the domestic stance after 9/11 saw this as an extension of patriotism and commitment. Nowadays, both domestic whollyy and internationally, many pundits would argue that Obamas policy record in mainland chinaware inspires hope and optimism. President Obama is acknowledging the fact of a a good deal much multipolar world exists where America cannot take all of the leadership roles by itself. Yet, at the same time, the world cannot go send with fall out America.In this respect, chinaware needs a wide open market where they can export all their manufactured goods to consumers worldwide. Thus, it is a mutual benefit for China to have good international relations with early(a) societies to acquire raw materials and sell products to overseas companies. President Obamas policies toward China reflect a forward marching multilateral approach that delibe positions an equal level playing field in terms of economic opportunities so that not one country can monopolize or control the global market. there is a thin line when it comes to economic diplomacy and army presence, so in regards to the currency value of the Chinese Yuan/Renminbi, the Obama administration has used strategic requests to the World Trade Organization and United Nations to sanction China on purposely keeping their currency little. These formal accusations were discussed early this year between P resident Obama and President Hu Jintao. There has been a consensus among the world leaders to use fair trading practices to attend benefit all the countries especially in the delicate market of Asia Pacific.In this regards, even though the move is controversial, President Obama has ramped up military presence in the Pacific to police the trade waters and to secure areas where there were less American presence in previous years. These movements have alarmed China and Japan in particular but with the WTO and UN backing both(prenominal) of the agreements, Obama is hoping China welcomes some of the military help not as a menace to Chinas national interests but a welcomed ally to settle any dis come outes in international waters with the recent troubles with Japan and other componental numerals that arise.President Obama said that he was pleased to see the inactive rise of China and hoped to continue to support China in its currency matters to ensure a much balanced itinerary of doing commerce. (US indemnity 2012) In May of this year, China let the renminbi hit a low of 0. 9 exchange value versus the dollar. China contends the economy was slowing sharply thus had no selection but to try to boost its exports as a way of mending some of the bleeding (NYTimes May, 2012) This has caused much headache for the United put ups because its trade deficit with China has gone over $290 billion dollars last year.The Obama administration has pressed challenging for three years to let the renminbi to appreciate at a faster rate than it has been. Europe also has had some struggles with this fact because for China lowering the currency kicks for competitive trade in exports but brings up the cost for imports so there is less competition inside China so its citizens benefit while other countries do not. In any case, Obama is arduous to build lasting bridge of mutual respect so that in the long run, the peaceful rise give end with a peaceful future.In a sense, I believe incessantlyy country must make its own interests in front of the world to secure its citizens every benefit that is known to man. But, on the other side, without a world, it is hard for a country to reap the benefits of trade if everyone increases tariffs or lowers their currency. This is a double-edge sword that does not have an easy response so I understand both sides and that no country is living in a vacuum. There are a quite a bit of complexities and consequences to consider and I believe there forget be a mutual success in this issue.Concerning Human Capital, the Obama presidentship has also pressed hard to improve the human rights issues in China in terms of economic policies to benefit workers and their family situations. Historically, having the highest population at a staggering figure of over $1. 3 billion bulk, the human application supply is much than available at any given moment. Thus, United terra firmas especially has outsourced countless manufacturing co mpanies and jobs to China. This reality the President clear stated will not change anytime in the future so this must be an judge reality. (Ivaneishvili 2012) So, he Obama administration has sharply criticized China for their lack of enforcement and laws to deal with such violations. But, this criticism as the State segment states applies to the United States as well, but the United States has laws to deal with this issues so the criticism is being put in a way not to outfight offend Chinese policies but to encourage an increase in the priority of the Chinese government to follow up actions to remedy the situation (Berg 2012). The State Department also applauded China for the actions that China already has taken to ensure better working conditions and labor rates.This issue hurts at the heart of any country because human capital affects the very lives each person is trying to save. The truth of the matter in my opinion is that every country does have gross human rights issues. Th e problems in China are magnified and pressed by most countries because of the sheer number of human labor that exists in China. Thus, as China continues to rise and become an economic superpower as it is becoming, those concerns will be dealt with because the people inside will and cannot stand for harsh living conditions.But, this is also the crux of the matter because if the people inside working in those factories do not care, how will the bosses ever compositors case the truth and do something about it. Moreover, the Chinese government must also take steps to allow unions to form and confess to go on even though that might be against the government itself. As long as peaceful protests are taking place, a mutually healthy society with certain liberties will allow for better conditions all around. The sanctions or false accusations only lead to more difficult climate for authenticated diplomacy to take place.The Obama Administration has done their go around to limit some of t he criticisms, instead, suggesting some ideas and working out plausible solutions to ensure the embassies on the ground in China can be an instrument to help both sides make the right judgments and calls on the spot for every situation that may arise (Berg 2012). Countries are dismission to continue to outsource jobs into China because of such cheap labor. In this sense, Americans can obtain ever increasingly cheaper products while China gains more jobs for its citizens.I do not see any reason for not forming better political allies in this respect. Lastly, there has been heated contention on the political issues love seat matrimony Korea, Iran, and Taiwan that affect the globe economically. President Obama and his administration have recently sanctioned some banks in China that have allegedly used to fund certain radical Muslim conferences and Persian nuclear proliferation aims. The Chinese government certainly denies any wrongdoing on the part of the government and so that is not the issue (NYTimes 2012).There is no doubt China and India have become large consumers of oil and rude(a) resources over the last few years have shifted the market that oil and combust producers desperately necessary (Chang 2012). Iran and the Middles East supply most of the oil for China while America has supplied a lot of the coal for China. The rate of increase is at a huge figure of 8% a quarter growth. That is a huge supply. This type of consumption has been a blessing for many number of countries including the United States so the Obama Administration on these terms are delicate to file complaints on behalf of International Labor Unions, but he has to his credit.On the other hand, many countries including China appreciate American presence but not American intervention. To tie to two issues, some of Chinas unilateral policies with these countries affect national security and oil prices in America. Thus, the two are irrevocably tied together. It is not only China but R ussia as well. The State Department has taken certain measures to cut the finances of certain groups or countries that have ties to terrorist organizations and nuclear goals. North Korea has been one of the countries that China seems to be passive towards.President Obama has been careful to be too unilateral or aggressive in these matters but with the recent change in power in North Korea and the upcoming elections in Iran, there is a vested interest in the Obama administration to secure a more peaceful region in Asia and the Middle East. The purpose of terror is to disable and terrorize Western populations as a full-page so the pressure from Americans and other Western countries to secure the Middle East has set a ack-ack gun to Obamas more multilateral approach (Obama 2012).The research is not there for an easy explanation for these events and situations. I can see wherefore China continues to have relationships with Russia and Iran. I can also speculate why the continued help to North Korea. Most of these countries do sit right on the border of China so that reason is obvious to keep your friends close and enemies closer, but that is just it. I do recover they are enemies of China rather mutual partners. I think this is what America and Obama worries about. I believe the best ways to go about this for both countries are for more transparent policies without fine print.Relationships cannot be create on lies and deception and in my fair and balanced view, there has been plenty of that from both sides, so it is authorised to be transparent and open in the discussions to help liberty and economic success to grow. In this way, a peaceful China and peaceful Middle East helps everyone prosper. In conclusion, President Obama and his administration have embarked on a different path from the previous administration because of the new world order that we all face in the world. Conciliatory as a method for foreign policy has been an effective means to not isolat e one country over another.In other terms, using multilateral agreements and combined pressures have make progress in China. I believe one taste of liberty, any person or group cannot wait for more so as China grows economically, it is the best interest of both countries to help one another in terms of currency, human rights, and political allies incidentally natural resources. The growth of China in recent years has been tremendous and there is so much room for it to grow more. Internally, Obama has restate that the people in China as consumers need to consume more (US Policy 2012).This goes without saying and I believe that is happening in China. President Barack Obama is up for re-election and I am not sure who is going to win but there have been pretty strong words in regards to China and foreign policy so this paper is an interesting and important topic of study. The economist writes Chasing the Anti-China Vote as an obligate to speak of the elections. But, I happen to agree with Obama that outsourcing and manufacturing in China is there to stay so the way forward is not unilateral changes or demands. I believe China does need Americas presence in the pacific as a police figure to help.It is similar to the situations at the human action of the 20th century. China did not accept then, and I do not believe China will accept now but surely, there will have to be some compromises made on each side and I for one look forward to healthier and brighter future for both populations since I am a product of both.Works Cited Berg, Rebecca. In Meetings, U. S. Presses Beijing on Rights. The New York Times. The New York Times, 26 July 2012. Web. 17 Oct. 2012. . Chang, Gordon G. How China Will Restructure the Oil Market. Forbes. Forbes Magazine, 24 June 2012. Web. 7 Oct. 2012. . Chasing the Anti-China Vote. The Economist. The Economist Newspaper, n. d. Web. 16 Oct. 2012. . Obama Foreign Policy dogma Preparing America to Succeed in Multipolar World IVANEISHVILI J ournal of Social Sciences. Obama Foreign Policy Doctrine Preparing America to Succeed in Multipolar World IVANEISHVILI Journal of Social Sciences. N. p. , n. d. Web. 16 Oct. 2012. . Obamas Rudderless China, Russia Policy. a world-wide Public Square. N. p. , n. d. Web. 16 Oct. 2012. . Remarks By President Obama to the Australian Parliament. The White House. N. p. , n. d. Web. 16 Oct. 2012. . Research. , Jane Perlez Bree Feng Contributed. DIPLOMATIC MEMO semipolitical Worries in U. S. and China Color Obama Aides Beijing Visit. The New York Times. The New York Times, 26 July 2012. Web. 16 Oct. 2012. . Shanghai. , Keith Bradsher Xu Yan Contributed Research From. China Lets Its Currency Depreciate. The New York Times. The New York Times, 01 June 2012. Web. 17 Oct. 2012. . USPolicy. Obama and Chinese Vice President Xi Before Their Meeting. N. p. , n. d. Web. 16 Oct. 2012. .

W6 Legal Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

W6 Legal Discussion - Essay ExampleIn effect, revenuees argon in roam to ensure that people stay prudent and give back to society from what society gives to them. On this basis, it becomes precise questionable to think of valueing organizations such as non-profit health institutions whose sole approach to doing business is to do the people within their territories instead of making profits. As the adage is tell, unto him much is given, much is required. However, these non-profit hospitals make no profits, based on which they will affirm to produce any taxes.Apart from the fact that non-profit hospitals do non make any profits based on which they will be taxed, it is also important to suck in the fact that these hospitals make their contributions to society through the low cost and in some cases free medical examination service they provide (Walker, 2005). Because the fundamental wisdom behind the need to have taxes is to ensure that citizens become responsible to their cou ntries, it will be argued that the efforts and activities of these hospitals are contributing and responsible enough for them non to be taxed. Consequently, the idea of tax exemption for non-profit hospitals is strongly supported. Stuart and Showalter (2011) acknowledged that in the administration of health institutions, monetary strength is very crucial. What this message is that at every point in time, the hospitals must be in a position to have sufficient funding to run their internal management affairs. Based on this understanding, an idea to tax the hospitals that are not for profit would only be a means of further depriving the hospitals from becoming financially independent.Having said this, the need for there to be sufficient scrutiny of the non-profit hospitals to ensure that they live up to the reasons for which they are tax exempted will be advocated. It is important that there will be sufficient auditing to ensure that hospitals do not take advantage of the country in the name of

English Language in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Essay

position Language in the earth of Saudi-Arabian-Arabian Arabia - Essay ExampleARAMCO produces wholly of the crude rock oil color in Saudi Arabia which massive oil reserves amount to over 25 % of the entire worlds proven oil reserves (Cordesman 2003, pp. 465, 467).An important after-effect of this oil boom was the immediate massive importation of impertinent engineers and other technical experts to man ARAMCOs oil depot, structures and offices. The ballpark denominator of all these personnel was the English language. There arose a need to train Saudi employees and on-the-job Saudi technical people to learn and speak the English language in order to communicate with these foreign technical experts. This need to master the English language was heightened when King Faisal decided to utilise the huge oil revenues from the burgeoning Saudi oil industry to modernise Saudi Arabia by launching large-scale infrastructure programs in the fields of education, telecommunications, transpo rtation, ho exploitation, health, social welfare, water, electricity and other utilities (Mackey 1987, p.43).This thereby necessitated importation of more foreign technical experts who had to be conversed and communicated with by the Saudi people in the English language. We also must not forget that per annum more than 2 cardinal Muslim people from all over the world converge in a requisite once-in-a-lifetime pilgrims journey or Hajj mainly to the cities of Mecca and Medina and they too must be interacted with using the English language (Siddiqui 2006, p.70). ... so must not forget that annually more than 2 million Muslim people from all over the world converge in a requisite once-in-a-lifetime pilgrimage or Hajj mainly to the cities of Mecca and Medina and they too must be interacted with using the English language (Siddiqui 2006, p.70). Moreover, much(prenominal) gargantuan oil revenues had been decided also to be used for international operations in subsidiaries and conjugati on ventures in USA, Japan, China, South Korea, Philippines, Greece and elsewhere, all designed for finding outlets for the countrys immense crude oil production (Cordesman & Al-Rodhan 2006, p.211). The Saudi oil bonanza had also raised the standard of living and modernised practically all panorama of Saudi society. In the realm of business, Saudi Arabia has suddenly become a commercial hub. It had successfully beckoned several(prenominal) multinational companies to establish business interests in the kingdom. The banking system was energised with the establishment of such banks as Saudi American, Saudi British, Saudi Dutch, Saudi French etc. Businesses like supermarkets, hotels, restaurants sprouted which all required from their personnel functional knowledge of English, the worlds lingua franca. Even established corporations such as Saudi Airlines, Aramco, Dallah, Samarec etc. require all their personnel to possess a high level of proficiency in English, which is a sine qua non indispensability for acceptance in their employment. All are required to undergo further honing of English skills with more homework and instruction (Fishman et al, 1996, p.460). The elevation of the standards of living has necessitated the employment of 8.8 million expatriate workers who are employed on jobs that infixed Saudis cannot fill or are unwilling to fill and of these some 2 million are English